Number of carbons | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Prefix | Meth | Eth | Prop | But | Pent | Hex | Hept | Oct | Non | Dec | Undec | Dodec | Tridec | Tetradec | Pentadec | Hexadec | Heptadec | Octadec | Nonadec | Icos |
Priority | Functional group | Formula | Prefix | Suffix |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Cations e.g. Ammonium | NH4+ | -onio- ammonio- | -onium -ammonium |
2 | Carboxylic acids
| –COOH –COSH –COSeH –SO3H –SO2H | carboxy- sulfanylcarbonyl- selanylcarbonyl- sulfo- sulfino- | -oic acid* -thioic S-acid* -selenoic Se-acid* -sulfonic acid -sulfinic acid |
3 | Carboxylic acid derivatives
| –COOR –COX –CONH2 –CON=C< –C(=NH)NH2 | R-oxycarbonyl- halocarbonyl- carbamoyl- -imido- amidino- | -R-oate -oyl halide* -amide* -imide* -amidine* |
4 | Nitriles Isocyanides | –CN –NC | cyano- isocyano- | -nitrile* isocyanide |
5 | Aldehydes Thioaldehydes | –CHO –CHS | formyl- thioformyl- | -al* -thial* |
6 | Ketones
| =O =S =Se =Te | oxo- sulfanylidene- selanylidene- tellanylidene- | -one -thione -selone -tellone |
7 | Alcohols
| –OH –SH –SeH –TeH | hydroxy- sulfanyl- selanyl- tellanyl- | -ol -thiol -selenol -tellurol |
8 | Hydroperoxides
| -OOH -SOH -SSH | hydroperoxy- hydroxysulfanyl- disulfanyl- | -peroxol -SO-thioperoxol -dithioperoxol |
9 | Amines Imines Hydrazines | –NH2 =NH –NHNH2 | amino- imino- hydrazino- | -amine -imine -hydrazine |
Number of carbons | Prefix as in new system | Common name for alcohol | Common name for aldehyde | Common name for acid | Common name for ketone |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Meth- | Methyl alcohol (wood alcohol) | Formaldehyde | Formic acid | NA |
2 | Eth- | Ethyl alcohol (grain alcohol) | Acetaldehyde | Acetic acid(vinegar) | NA |
3 | Prop- | Propyl alcohol | Propionaldehyde | Propionic acid | Acetone/dimethyl ketone |
4 | But- | Butyl alcohol | Butyraldehyde | Butyric acid | Ethyl methyl ketone |
5 | Pent- | Amyl alcohol | Valeraldehyde | Valeric acid | •Methyl propyl ketone •Diethyl ketone |
6 | Hex- | Caproyl alcohol | Caproaldehyde | Caproic acid | •Butyl methyl ketone •Ethyl propyl ketone |
7 | Hept- | Enanthyl alcohol | Enanthaldehyde | Enanthoic acid | •Methyl pentyl ketone •Butyl Ethyl ketone •Dipropyl ketone |
8 | Oct- | Capryl alcohol | Caprylaldehyde | Caprylic acid | •Hexyl methyl ketone •Ethyl pentyl ketone •Butyl propyl ketone |
9 | Non- | Pelargonic alcohol | Pelargonaldehyde | Pelargonic acid | •Heptyl methyl ketone •Ethyl hexyl ketone •Pentyl propyl ketone •Dibutyl ketone |
10 | Dec- | Capric alcohol | Capraldehyde | Capric acid | •Methyl octyl ketone •Ethyl heptyl ketone •Hexyl propyl ketone •Butyl pentyl ketone |
11 | Undec- | - | - | - | The same pattern continues (see below) |
12 | Dodec- | Lauryl alcohol | Lauraldehyde | Lauric acid | |
13 | Tridec- | - | - | - | |
14 | Tetradec- | Myristyl alcohol | Myristaldehyde | Myristic acid | |
15 | Pentadec- | - | - | - | |
16 | Hexadec- | Cetyl alcohol Palmityl alcohol | Palmitaldehyde | Palmitic acid | |
17 | Heptadec- | - | - | Margaric acid | |
18 | Octadec- | Stearyl alcohol | Stearaldehyde | Stearic acid | |
19 | Nonadec- | - | - | - | |
20 | Icos- | Arachidyl alcohol | - | Arachidic acid | |
21 | Henicos- | - | - | - | |
22 | Docos- | Behenyl alcohol | - | Behenic acid | |
23 | Tricos- | - | - | - | |
24 | Tetracos- | Lignoceryl alcohol | - | Lignoceric acid | |
25 | Pentacos- | - | - | - | |
26 | Hexacos- | Ceryl alcohol | - | Cerotic acid | |
27 | Heptacos- | - | - | - | |
28 | Octacos- | Montanyl alcohol | - | Montanic acid | |
29 | Nonacos- | - | - | - | |
30 | Triacont- | Melissyl alcohol | - | Melissic acid | |
31 | Hentriacont- | - | - | - | |
32 | Dotriacont- | Lacceryl alcohol | - | Lacceroic acid | |
33 | Tritriacont- | Psyllic alcohol | - | Psyllic acid | |
34 | Tetratriacont- | Geddyl alcohol | - | Geddic acid | |
35 | Pentatriacont- | - | - | Ceroplastic acid | |
36 | Hexatriacont- | - | - | - | |
37 | Heptatriacont- | - | - | - | |
38 | Octatriacont- | - | - | - | |
39 | Nonatriacont- | - | - | - | |
40 | Tetracont- | - | - | - |